1
00:00:06,138 --> 00:00:12,038
~subtitles ripped and corrected by~
Rapunzel@addic7ed.com

2
00:02:08,362 --> 00:02:11,863
Shake this square world
and blast off for Kicksville.

3
00:02:11,865 --> 00:02:15,601
Public enemy number one is drug abuse.

4
00:02:15,603 --> 00:02:17,136
Just say "No".

5
00:02:17,138 --> 00:02:19,071
Halting the drug problem in America

6
00:02:19,073 --> 00:02:23,142
is like carrying water in a sieve.

7
00:02:23,144 --> 00:02:27,813
Take my word for it,
this scourge will stop!

8
00:02:27,815 --> 00:02:29,081
There's now an understanding

9
00:02:29,083 --> 00:02:33,686
that the war on drugs
was an abject failure.

10
00:02:33,688 --> 00:02:37,156
You have to stop and ask
yourself, how did we get here?

11
00:02:37,158 --> 00:02:40,292
We will build a wall.

12
00:04:02,309 --> 00:04:04,643
The Armed Revolutionary
Forces of Colombia,

13
00:04:04,645 --> 00:04:05,911
known as the FARC,

14
00:04:05,913 --> 00:04:08,647
is the most powerful
guerrilla group in the country.

15
00:04:08,649 --> 00:04:10,716
They control the areas
where large amounts

16
00:04:10,718 --> 00:04:13,185
of the world's cocaine is produced.

17
00:04:19,126 --> 00:04:21,126
They are known as paramilitaries.

18
00:04:21,128 --> 00:04:23,596
They celebrate a
legend of heroic defiance

19
00:04:23,598 --> 00:04:25,130
against the kidnappers.

20
00:04:25,132 --> 00:04:27,599
The mission is to achieve
what the army cannot:

21
00:04:27,601 --> 00:04:29,235
Defeat the guerrillas.

22
00:07:20,174 --> 00:07:23,175
12 died and more than
200 passersby were injured

23
00:07:23,177 --> 00:07:25,044
in this recent explosion.

24
00:07:25,046 --> 00:07:26,978
Another outrage was to follow,

25
00:07:26,980 --> 00:07:30,115
this time there was no
mistaking the culprit's identity.

26
00:07:30,117 --> 00:07:32,851
They'd left their
signature at the scene.

27
00:07:41,996 --> 00:07:44,396
Pablo Escobar couldn't
stay out of the public eye,

28
00:07:44,398 --> 00:07:46,865
and that's what killed him.

29
00:07:46,867 --> 00:07:48,334
He died in a hail of bullets

30
00:07:48,336 --> 00:07:50,836
as he tried to get
away across a roof.

31
00:08:18,165 --> 00:08:21,834
In December 1993,
after Pablo Escobar is killed,

32
00:08:21,836 --> 00:08:24,503
there is a power vacuum.

33
00:08:47,194 --> 00:08:49,394
The FARC embraced drugs

34
00:08:49,396 --> 00:08:52,531
and used them to fund
the revolutionary struggle

35
00:08:52,533 --> 00:08:54,666
and the growth of the FARC,

36
00:08:54,668 --> 00:08:58,870
and the growth of coca crops
in Colombia is a parallel line.

37
00:08:58,872 --> 00:09:02,074
Wherever the coca is,
you tend to find the FARC.

38
00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:50,916
Carlos is the public face,
extremely charismatic.

39
00:12:04,724 --> 00:12:06,258
He wasn't from Medell�n.

40
00:12:06,260 --> 00:12:09,728
He was actually from
Tulu� on the Pacific coast.

41
00:12:09,730 --> 00:12:12,531
It is rumored that
he was, for a short time,

42
00:12:12,533 --> 00:12:14,199
a left-wing guerrilla.

43
00:12:27,614 --> 00:12:29,814
He is what we call a "lavaperro,"

44
00:12:29,816 --> 00:12:33,018
which is like the lowest
rung in the criminal structure.

45
00:12:33,020 --> 00:12:35,887
It literally means a dog washer.

46
00:12:35,889 --> 00:12:39,424
And he proves his worth very quickly.

47
00:12:44,632 --> 00:12:48,900
The guerrillas try and
muscle in on the cartel.

48
00:12:48,902 --> 00:12:51,169
Berna says,
"Let me take care of this,"

49
00:12:51,171 --> 00:12:54,238
and there is a series
of bloody shootouts

50
00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:58,176
in which Berna takes anything
up to 11 bullets and loses his leg.

51
00:12:58,178 --> 00:13:01,913
But they win.

52
00:13:01,915 --> 00:13:04,716
Berna's not the most handsome man.

53
00:13:04,718 --> 00:13:06,985
He was a lot less
handsome after he lost his leg

54
00:13:06,987 --> 00:13:10,922
and took a bullet through the
cheek and various other things.

55
00:13:10,924 --> 00:13:15,193
This does not hamper
his criminal career at all.

56
00:13:32,946 --> 00:13:34,413
Pablo Escobar not only

57
00:13:34,415 --> 00:13:35,747
was a drug trafficker,

58
00:13:35,749 --> 00:13:38,417
but he was also an
entrepreneur of violence.

59
00:13:38,419 --> 00:13:41,420
And he created
different groups, gangs.

60
00:13:41,422 --> 00:13:44,623
When he dies, there's a vacuum,

61
00:13:44,625 --> 00:13:48,960
and many of those gangs
are left with who controls it.

62
00:14:06,113 --> 00:14:11,049
Don Berna learnt a key
lesson from Escobar,

63
00:14:11,051 --> 00:14:15,720
which is never become
visible, remain in the shadows.

64
00:14:15,722 --> 00:14:17,856
He arguably becomes more powerful

65
00:14:17,858 --> 00:14:20,125
than Pablo Escobar ever was.

66
00:16:07,701 --> 00:16:11,235
And the message is clear:
"We're coming."

67
00:16:59,486 --> 00:17:01,686
People living in
Mapirip�n were suspected

68
00:17:01,688 --> 00:17:04,956
of helping the FARC, providing
them with food and shelter.

69
00:17:23,510 --> 00:17:24,976
As the paramilitaries entered,

70
00:17:24,978 --> 00:17:27,612
they marked the town as their territory.

71
00:17:36,856 --> 00:17:38,923
Villagers were taken from their homes.

72
00:17:38,925 --> 00:17:41,192
The killing began in the main street.

73
00:18:10,757 --> 00:18:13,224
Three villagers were publicly executed,

74
00:18:13,226 --> 00:18:17,428
beheaded with chainsaws.

75
00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:19,363
Many more perished.

76
00:18:26,974 --> 00:18:30,342
None of the dead wore
uniforms or carried guns.

77
00:19:48,788 --> 00:19:50,922
�Uno, dos, tres!

78
00:20:19,419 --> 00:20:25,023
The cocaine trade hid
in Colombia's civil conflict.

79
00:20:25,025 --> 00:20:28,159
And suddenly we have a right-wing

80
00:20:28,161 --> 00:20:30,895
anti-subversive paramilitarism

81
00:20:30,897 --> 00:20:34,031
which is welcomed in
so many parts of Colombia

82
00:20:34,033 --> 00:20:37,101
against the guerrillas who
were kidnapping and extorting.

83
00:20:37,103 --> 00:20:41,239
But this is just
the new Medell�n Cartel.

84
00:20:41,241 --> 00:20:43,041
But it's cleverer.

85
00:20:43,043 --> 00:20:46,845
It's got a political
fa�ade, it's militarized.

86
00:23:26,205 --> 00:23:27,205
- Stop?
- Yeah.

87
00:23:27,207 --> 00:23:28,272
Okay.

88
00:23:48,761 --> 00:23:49,960
The Oficina de Envigado

89
00:23:49,962 --> 00:23:53,097
was originally established to mediate,

90
00:23:53,099 --> 00:23:55,199
to collect money that was owed.

91
00:23:55,201 --> 00:23:57,635
And it was almost
like an internal affairs

92
00:23:57,637 --> 00:24:00,038
operation of sorts.

93
00:24:02,042 --> 00:24:05,843
Don Berna made it clear,
"I'm taking this over,

94
00:24:05,845 --> 00:24:10,048
and if there's any pushback,

95
00:24:10,050 --> 00:24:12,450
you're gonna have to deal with it."

96
00:24:12,452 --> 00:24:15,987
And he turns this vehicle into his bid

97
00:24:15,989 --> 00:24:18,456
to take control of Medell�n.

98
00:24:23,396 --> 00:24:27,264
And he begins to scoop up a
lot of the criminal infrastructure

99
00:24:27,266 --> 00:24:30,735
and set up these debt-collecting
agencies, or oficinas,

100
00:24:30,737 --> 00:24:33,838
all around Medell�n,
and they all answer to him.

101
00:24:40,079 --> 00:24:42,679
He understands
that his rise to power

102
00:24:42,681 --> 00:24:47,084
and his own control of power
depends on his good standing

103
00:24:47,086 --> 00:24:49,954
with the security state
and with politicians.

104
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:56,827
Corruption at all levels

105
00:24:56,829 --> 00:24:58,496
was going through the roof.

106
00:24:58,498 --> 00:25:00,164
He would do things that
would help the authorities,

107
00:25:00,166 --> 00:25:03,568
and sometimes the authorities
would do things to help him.

108
00:25:03,570 --> 00:25:06,304
They did operations together sometimes.

109
00:27:56,609 --> 00:27:59,544
So nothing really
occurred unless Don Berna

110
00:27:59,546 --> 00:28:03,146
or his higher
infrastructure approved it.

111
00:28:09,855 --> 00:28:12,823
People often refer to homeless people

112
00:28:12,825 --> 00:28:14,959
or these homeless children and so forth,

113
00:28:14,961 --> 00:28:19,630
they call them "desechables,"
like the throw-aways.

114
00:28:19,632 --> 00:28:23,834
And somebody's considered a
desechable, a disposable person,

115
00:28:23,836 --> 00:28:25,969
doesn't mean you can
go out and kill them,

116
00:28:25,971 --> 00:28:29,106
but that's what they did,
they cleaned up the streets.

117
00:28:37,783 --> 00:28:42,520
And there was a scourge
of those kind of folks,

118
00:28:42,522 --> 00:28:46,524
people disappeared, people
got killed, people got displaced.

119
00:28:46,526 --> 00:28:48,525
They cleaned up the city,

120
00:28:48,527 --> 00:28:55,266
and I think there was some
sense that at certain levels...

121
00:28:55,268 --> 00:28:59,136
In other words, it was accepted
because of the outcome.

122
00:29:11,084 --> 00:29:14,818
Berna sees what the
paramilitaries are doing,

123
00:29:14,820 --> 00:29:18,889
and he goes, "This is an
extraordinary business model,

124
00:29:18,891 --> 00:29:20,023
I want in."

125
00:29:47,252 --> 00:29:48,652
So, there's lots of problems

126
00:29:48,654 --> 00:29:50,388
within the paramilitary army.

127
00:29:50,390 --> 00:29:52,189
If someone loses a load

128
00:29:52,191 --> 00:29:55,525
or someone sleeps
with someone else's wife,

129
00:29:55,527 --> 00:29:58,195
normally in the drug trafficking
world, there's violence.

130
00:29:58,197 --> 00:30:03,334
Berna says, "No, we can sort this out."

131
00:30:03,336 --> 00:30:05,135
He's not always successful,

132
00:30:05,137 --> 00:30:07,404
but what he does is he
begins to put discipline

133
00:30:07,406 --> 00:30:10,007
on the paramilitary movement.

134
00:31:01,727 --> 00:31:03,193
Vicente's got a stutter,

135
00:31:03,195 --> 00:31:08,265
not remotely charismatic, but
super able at the business side.

136
00:31:08,267 --> 00:31:12,069
And they turn the paramilitary army,

137
00:31:12,071 --> 00:31:15,473
and this need to counteract the advance

138
00:31:15,475 --> 00:31:17,341
of the Marxist guerrillas,

139
00:31:17,343 --> 00:31:21,211
into a nationwide criminal network,

140
00:31:21,213 --> 00:31:25,416
a VIP club for drug traffickers.

141
00:31:25,418 --> 00:31:27,083
And people begin to realize

142
00:31:27,085 --> 00:31:31,689
this is just the most
powerful drug cartel there is;

143
00:31:31,691 --> 00:31:34,892
dwarfs the power of the Medell�n Cartel.

144
00:31:34,894 --> 00:31:36,760
And at that stage the paramilitaries

145
00:31:36,762 --> 00:31:39,763
are the most powerful
criminal syndicate on the planet.

146
00:31:39,765 --> 00:31:41,231
Muchas gracias.

147
00:31:55,781 --> 00:31:58,115
And there really is a
fear in Colombian society

148
00:31:58,117 --> 00:32:00,918
and also at high levels of government

149
00:32:00,920 --> 00:32:04,988
that the FARC are actually gonna
manage to take over the country.

150
00:32:14,133 --> 00:32:15,565
The main road to Medell�n

151
00:32:15,567 --> 00:32:17,067
sometimes was a week closed

152
00:32:17,069 --> 00:32:19,402
because of attacks from
the FARC to the road.

153
00:32:19,404 --> 00:32:21,738
Bogot� is surrounded
by FARC fronts.

154
00:32:21,740 --> 00:32:25,141
They were getting ready
to take over the capital.

155
00:32:26,412 --> 00:32:29,213
People were abandoning
Colombia massively;

156
00:32:29,215 --> 00:32:31,615
everybody was seeing
Colombia as a sinking ship.

157
00:32:31,617 --> 00:32:34,418
And frankly, when you saw
the growth of the FARC,

158
00:32:34,420 --> 00:32:35,752
the growth of the paramilitaries,

159
00:32:35,754 --> 00:32:37,153
it was hard not to think

160
00:32:37,155 --> 00:32:41,025
that Colombia could become
a narco state or a failed state.

161
00:32:49,702 --> 00:32:51,502
We got to stand by these democracies,

162
00:32:51,504 --> 00:32:55,372
including, and especially
tonight, Colombia,

163
00:32:55,374 --> 00:32:57,107
which is fighting narco traffickers

164
00:32:57,109 --> 00:33:00,711
for its own people's lives
and for our children's lives.

165
00:33:00,713 --> 00:33:02,846
I have proposed
a strong two-year package

166
00:33:02,848 --> 00:33:05,249
to help Colombia win this fight.

167
00:33:21,467 --> 00:33:24,335
Plan Colombia was this
major billion-dollar effort

168
00:33:24,337 --> 00:33:26,804
to bring the Colombian
military up to snuff

169
00:33:26,806 --> 00:33:29,940
to be able to take on
the narco-traffickers.

170
00:33:33,613 --> 00:33:38,949
And that meant training,
that meant weapons, technology.

171
00:33:40,953 --> 00:33:44,021
It's also the point
at which counter-narcotics

172
00:33:44,023 --> 00:33:49,226
and counter-insurgency
become explicitly the same thing.

173
00:33:49,228 --> 00:33:50,360
Officially the United States

174
00:33:50,362 --> 00:33:52,363
is fighting a war on drugs.

175
00:33:52,365 --> 00:33:54,365
In practice, it is bankrolling conflict

176
00:33:54,367 --> 00:33:56,700
against communist guerrillas.

177
00:34:01,373 --> 00:34:04,842
The escalating threat
of communist takeover

178
00:34:04,844 --> 00:34:08,979
becomes the justification for
increasingly overt alliance

179
00:34:08,981 --> 00:34:12,716
with the narco-paramilitaries
as the most effective

180
00:34:12,718 --> 00:34:15,785
fighting force against
the rising communist menace.

181
00:35:37,737 --> 00:35:41,271
America's war on drugs
ignores the paramilitaries.

182
00:35:41,273 --> 00:35:43,407
Instead, government
helicopters protect planes

183
00:35:43,409 --> 00:35:46,810
dropping poison in
the coca fields below.

184
00:35:46,812 --> 00:35:48,745
Their aim is to destroy the plantations

185
00:35:48,747 --> 00:35:50,814
controlled by the FARC.

186
00:36:07,967 --> 00:36:11,969
We have no relationship with the AUC.

187
00:36:11,971 --> 00:36:15,572
By 2001, the extent of
paramilitary involvement

188
00:36:15,574 --> 00:36:20,044
in the drug trade was
too blatant to ignore.

189
00:36:20,046 --> 00:36:22,445
They claim to wish
to protect Colombian citizens

190
00:36:22,447 --> 00:36:23,847
from other terrorist groups,

191
00:36:23,849 --> 00:36:27,518
but they then massacre and
displace the same citizens,

192
00:36:27,520 --> 00:36:30,453
and they claim to stand
against kidnapping and extortion,

193
00:36:30,455 --> 00:36:33,390
and then engage in those very practices.

194
00:36:35,594 --> 00:36:38,662
So, in this very weird twist of history,

195
00:36:38,664 --> 00:36:42,999
the AUC gets designated an
official terrorist organization

196
00:36:43,001 --> 00:36:46,870
the day before September 11th.

197
00:36:46,872 --> 00:36:48,739
And then everything
changes again on 9/11.

198
00:36:48,741 --> 00:36:53,210
The war on terror and the war
on drugs have now become one.

199
00:38:17,029 --> 00:38:19,095
Prudencia, muchachos.

200
00:38:19,097 --> 00:38:20,764
Prudencia.

201
00:38:26,438 --> 00:38:29,773
President Uribe came up
with the Justice and Peace Plan,

202
00:38:29,775 --> 00:38:33,977
which would give benefits
to paramilitary fighters

203
00:38:33,979 --> 00:38:37,848
who decided to come in,
demobilize, disband,

204
00:38:37,850 --> 00:38:40,784
surrender their weapons,
and stop drug trafficking

205
00:38:40,786 --> 00:38:43,186
and any crimes that
they were involved in.

206
00:41:42,434 --> 00:41:44,768
He wants to try to
reap the benefits

207
00:41:44,770 --> 00:41:46,569
of the Justice and Peace Law,

208
00:41:46,571 --> 00:41:50,173
which basically says if you're a
paramilitary and you surrender,

209
00:41:50,175 --> 00:41:52,109
you would be eligible
for certain benefits

210
00:41:52,111 --> 00:41:54,711
under the Justice and Peace Plan,

211
00:41:54,713 --> 00:41:58,315
which are very reduced
sentences, under house arrest

212
00:41:58,317 --> 00:42:00,784
or some kind of minimal confinement.

213
00:42:24,343 --> 00:42:26,342
The Americans and
the Colombian public are seeing

214
00:42:26,344 --> 00:42:29,212
that this peace process
is bordering on farce

215
00:42:29,214 --> 00:42:36,018
as these guys continue to
move drugs, live the high life.

216
00:42:36,020 --> 00:42:38,355
And so once the agreement is signed,

217
00:42:38,357 --> 00:42:40,556
the constitutional court
changes all the rules,

218
00:42:40,558 --> 00:42:44,161
and they are suddenly sucked
down into the prison system.

219
00:42:44,163 --> 00:42:48,431
And then in 2008, what they all
feared, they're all extradited.

220
00:43:15,594 --> 00:43:17,793
How do you measure
the success of Plan Colombia?

221
00:43:17,795 --> 00:43:19,062
It's Colombia itself.

222
00:43:19,064 --> 00:43:20,296
From a failed state

223
00:43:20,298 --> 00:43:23,399
to the darling of
investment of what it is now.

224
00:43:23,401 --> 00:43:26,336
Colombia is a beacon of stability.

225
00:43:26,338 --> 00:43:28,337
Today people will tell
you that Plan Colombia's

226
00:43:28,339 --> 00:43:31,808
a success despite
the human rights abuses

227
00:43:31,810 --> 00:43:33,476
let loose on the Colombian countryside.

228
00:43:33,478 --> 00:43:35,612
Vamos, vamos.

229
00:43:35,614 --> 00:43:38,481
If the war on drugs is
in fact an effort to stop drugs

230
00:43:38,483 --> 00:43:39,883
from entering the United States,

231
00:43:39,885 --> 00:43:42,418
it is clearly an abysmal failure.

232
00:43:49,628 --> 00:43:53,029
In that sense, we've poured
billions of dollars into a hole

233
00:43:53,031 --> 00:43:54,631
and lit it on fire.